![]() ![]() A well-known transform plate boundary is the San Andreas Fault in California, which is responsible for many of the state’s earthquakes. Transform boundaries occur where two plates slide past each other. This creates an opening where molten rock can erupt, forming new crust. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a mostly underwater mountain range in the Atlantic Ocean, was created due to a divergent plate boundary. Convergent boundaries are also responsible for creating some of the tallest mountains on earth, such as K2 and Mount Everest.ĭivergent boundaries occur where two plates move away from each other. A transform fault is a plate boundary along which the relative motion between the two plates is parallel to the strike of the fault and is geometrically the arc of a small circle about the pole of rotation between two plates. Typically, when two plates converge, the thinner plate will sink under the thicker plate in a process called subduction. ![]() Duarte Browse this book By table of contents Book description Transform Plate Boundaries and Fracture Zones bridges the gap between the classic plate tectonic theory and new emerging ideas, offering an assessment of the state-of-the-art, pend. Geologists classify plate boundaries into one of three categories: convergent, divergent, and transform.Ĭonvergent boundaries occur where two plates move toward each other and collide. Transform Plate Boundaries and Fracture Zones Book 2019 Edited by: João C. ![]() (i) Describe in words the general attitude (strike and dip) of these beds.Plate boundaries occur where two (or more) tectonic plates meet. The coloured areas represent sedimentary beds. ![]() This diagram is a plan view (map) of the geology of a region. What type of fault would you expect to see near to a transform plate boundary?Ĩ. It is a tectonic plate boundary, where two plates slide past each other horizontally, without forming or destroying the tectonic crust. What is the difference between a normal fault and a reverse fault, and under what circumstances would you expect these to form?ħ. Explain why fractures are common in volcanic rocks.Ħ. Label the types of folds in this diagram, and label any of the important features of the folds.ĥ. Transform: shearing plates slide past each other. Includes: Subduction zones and mountain building. Spreading ridges, basin-range Convergent: compressional plates move toward each other. List some of the factors that influence whether a rock will deform (in either an elastic or plastic manner) or break when placed under stress.Ĥ. Three main types of plate boundaries: Divergent: extensional the plates move apart. Explain the difference between elastic strain and plastic strain.ģ. Transform boundaries are also known as conservative plate boundaries because they involve no addition or loss of lithosphere at the Earths surface. What types of plate boundaries are most likely to contribute to (a) compression, (b) extension, and (c) shearing?Ģ. Transform faults are the third type of plate boundary, in which plates are only moving side by side and thus no new material is created or destroyed. Special symbols are used to show the orientation of structural features on geological maps.ġ. It is important to be able to measure the strike and dip of planar surfaces, such as a bedding planes, fractures or faults. Which of the following geologic activities would you expect near a transform plate boundary Volcanoes Earthquakes Subduction All of the answer choices. Thrust faulting is a special form of reverse faulting. If we know that the folded beds have not been overturned, then we can use the more specific terms: anticline and syncline.įractures (joints) typically form during extension, but can also form during compression. Faulting, which involves the displacement of rock, can take place during compression or extension, as well as during shearing at transform boundaries. Stress within rocks, which includes compression, extension and shearing, typically originates from plate-boundary processes. Rock that is stressed responds with either elastic or plastic strain, and will eventually break. The way a rock responds to stress depends on its composition and structure, the rate at which strain is applied, and also to the temperature of the rock body and the presence of water.įolding is generally a plastic response to compressive stress, although some brittle behaviour can happen during folding. An upward fold is an anticline. A downward fold is a syncline. The axis of a fold can be vertical, inclined, or even horizontal. The topics covered in this chapter can be summarized as follows: 12.1 ![]()
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